Index of artists

Numbers in italics indicate plates

ALLEGRAIN, ETIENNE

Born 1644 in Paris, died there 1736. From 1677 member of the Academy. Worked in Paris. Was strongly influenced by F. Millet. Landscape painter.

ARCAMBOT, PIERRE

Born 1914 at Brou. A self-taught artist. Exhibited at the Salon d'Automne, Salon des Independents and Salon des Artistes Francois. Paints landscapes and scenes in the Primitiv-ist manner.

AUBRY, ETIENNE

Born 1745 at Versailles, died there 1781. Pupil of J. Silvestre and J. Vien. From 1775 member of the Academy. Worked in Paris. Painted portraits, historical and genre scenes. 57

AVED, JACQUES ANDRE JOSEPH

Born 1702 at Douai, died 1766 in Paris. Studied in Amsterdam under the engraver B.Picart and in Paris under the portraitist S. Belle. Was influenced by Chardin. Worked in Paris. Portrait painter. 58

BASTIEN-LEPAGE, JULES

Born 1848 at Damvillers, died 1884 in Paris. Studied under Cabanel at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Worked in Paris. In 1870 took part in the Franco-Prussian war as a franc-tireur. At the end of his life visited Italy and Algaria. Painted almost exclusively rustic genre scenes. 140

BENOIST, PHILIPPE

Born 1813 in Geneva, date and place of death unknown. Worked in France. Exhibited at the Paris Salons from 1836 to 1879. Painted urban and architectural landscapes. Also known as a lithographer.

BESNARD, ALBERT PAUL

Born 1849 in Paris, died there 1934. Studied under J.-F. Bre-mond, then at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts under A. Cabanel. Was to a certain extent influenced by Impressionism. Most of his pictures are historical and mythological compositions; he also painted portraits.

BLANCHARD, LAURENT

Born 1762 in Valence, died 1819 in Paris. From 1791 to 1799 lived in Rome, later worked in Paris. Exhibited at the Salon from 1804. Painted pictures on religious and mythological themes, as well as portraits.

BLANCHE, JACQUES EMILE

Born 1861 in Paris, died 1942 at Offranville. Trained under H. Gervex, studied extensively the work of Whistler and Manet. Exhibited at the Salon de la Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts. Painted mainly portraits and genre scenes. Created a gallery of portraits of contemporary English and French cultural figures. Painted extensively pastels, made lithographs. Art critic and novelist. 142

BOILLY, LOUIS LEOPOLD

Born 1761 at La Bassee, died 1845 in Paris. Painter, miniaturist and lithographer. Pupil of his father, a woodcarver. From 1784 lived in Paris. From 1791 exhibited at the Salon. Painted genre scenes and portraits. 78, 19

BONHEUR, ROSA

Born 1822 in Bordeaux, died 1899 in By (Seine-et-Marne). Studied under her father, the landscape painter R. Bonheur, then under L. Cogniet. Animal painter.

BONNARD, PIERRE

Born 1867 at Fontenay-aux-Roses (Seine), died 1947 at Le Can-net. A pupil of G. Boulanger and J. Lefebvre at the Academic Julian. Took part in the "Nabi" movement together with Denis and Vuillard. Did drawings and posters, illustrated books

and designed stage scenery. A painter of mural decorations, portraits, still lifes, landscapes and interiors enlivened with figures. 215—218

BONNAT, LEON JOSEPH FLORENTIN

Born 1833 at Bayonne, died 1922 at Mouchy-Saint-Eloi (Oise). Received his first training in Madrid, later studied under L. Cogniet in Paris. From 1859 exhibited at the Salon. Painted historical and religious subjects and portraits. In 1870 made a trip to the Orient. 735

BOUCHER, FRANCOIS

Born 1703 in Paris, died there 1770. Painter and engraver. Studied painting under F. Lemoine and engraving under J.-F. Cars. From 1727 to 1731 lived in Italy where he was influenced by Castiglione and Tiepolo. On his return to France worked in Paris. From 1734 member of the Academy, from 1765 its director and the Court Painter. Worked in all genres of painting, made tapestry designs, and illustrated books. 45—49

BOUDIN, EUGENE

Born 1824 at Honfleur, died 1898 at Deauville. Studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Was strongly influenced by the painters of the Barbizon School (Troyon and Millet), as well as by Corot and Jongkind. One of the outstanding landscape painters of the nineteenth century, he was a direct precursor of Impressionism. Painted landscapes on the shores of Normandy and Brittany. 145

BOULLOGNE THE YOUNGER, LOUIS

Born 1654 in Paris, died there 1733. Pupil of his father, Louis Boullogne the Elder, he worked in Paris, at Versailles, Fon-tainebleau and Chantilly. From 1681 member of the Academy, from 1722 its director, from 1725 Premier peintre du Roi. Painted historical, mythological and religious scenes. Also known as the author of large-size decorative paintings. 11

BOURDON, SEBASTIEN

Born 1616 at Montpellier, died 1671 in Paris. Was trained in Paris under J. Barthelemy. From 1634 lived in Italy where he was influenced by Poussin and Caravaggio. In 1637 returned to France and worked in Paris, Bordeaux and Montpellier. One of the founder members of the Academy in 1648. Between 1652 and 1654 worked in Stockholm. Painted historical pictures, portraits and genre scenes. 12

BOZE, JOSEPH

Born 1744 in Martigues (Provence), died 1826 in Paris. Pupil of M. Q. Latour. Worked in Paris. Portrait painter, also known as a pastel painter and miniaturist.

BRAQUE, GEORGES

Born 1882 at Argenteuil, died 1963 in Paris. Trained at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts at Le Havre and in 1902 at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, in the class of Bonnat. In 1905—7 was one of the Fauves, in 1908 associated with Picasso and the Cubists. Painted landscapes and still lifes, illustrated books and executed stage designs. 267

BRASCASSAT, JACQUES RAYMOND

Born 1804 in Bordeaux, diad 1867 in Paris. Pupil of T. Richard, his foster father, and L. Hersent. Traveled through Italy from 1827 to 1835, sending his pictures painted there to the Salon. Member of the Academy from 1846. Landscapist and animal painter.

BRETON, JULES

Born 1827 in Courrieres (Pas-de-Calais), died 1906 in Paris. Studied first under F. de Vigne, then under Wappers and M. Drolling. Was influenced by G. Courbet. Painted mostly scenes from peasant life.

BRUANDET, LAZARE

Born 1755 in Paris, died there 1804. Pupil of M. Roeser and F. Sarrazin. Worked in Paris and its environs. Landscape painter, also known as an engraver.

CABANEL, ALEXANDRE

Born 1823 at Montpellier, died 1889 in Paris. Pupil of F. Picot. Worked in Paris and in Italy (1845—50). From 1844 exhibited at the Salon. Took part in the decoration of the Pantheon in Paris. Painted historical compositions and portraits. 137

CAROLUS-DURAN, EMILE AUGUSTE

Born 1838 in Lille, died 1917 in Paris. Studied at the Acade-mie Suisse. Visited St Petersburg in 1876. Worked in Paris. Painted mostly portraits, historical and religious compositions.

CARRIERE, EUGENE

Born 1849 at Gournay, died 1906 in Paris. A pupil of Cabanel, he exhibited at the Salon from 1876. Painted genre pictures and portraits, for the most part of women and children. Was also active as a draughtsman. 211

CARRIERE-BELLEUSE, PIERRE

Born 1851 in Paris, died there 1933. Studied under his father, A. E. Carriere-Belleuse, and A. Cabanel. Worked for the Sevres porcelain factory. Painted in oils and pastels, mostly landscapes, genre scenes and portraits.

CAZIN, JEAN CHARLES

Born 1841 in Samer (Pas-de-Calais), died 1901 in Lavandou (Var). Studied drawing in Paris under Lecoq de Boisbaudran. Was influenced by J.-F. Millet. Painted genre scenes, landscapes, historical and religious compositions.

CEZANNE, PAUL

Born 1839 at Aix-en-Provence, died there 1906. Attended the College Bourbon with Zola. In 1862 came to Paris and studied at the Academie Suisse. From 1872 to 1874 worked at Auvers and was influenced by the Impressionists, Pissarro in particular. Took part in several Impressionist exhibitions. In 1888— 1900 worked at L'Estaque. Painted portraits, landscapes, figure compositions and still lifes. 174—184

CHAPLIN, CHARLES

Born 1825 in Andelys, died 1891 in Paris. Studied under M. Drolling at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts from 1841. Painted portraits, landscapes, religious compositions and genre scenes. Later worked as a decorative painter. Also known for his drawings and lithographs.

CHARDIN, JEAN-BAPTISTE SIMEON

Born 1699 in Paris, died there 1779. Pupil of the historical painter P. Cazes and N. Coypel. Worked in Paris. From 1728 member of the Academy. Painted still lifes and genre scenes. In his late years produced portraits in pastel. 51, 52

CHARLET, NICOLAS TOUSSAINT

Born 1792 in Paris, died there 1845. Pupil of A. Gros. Worked in Paris. Painted battle scenes. Also known as an illustrator and lithographer.

CHARPENTIER, JEAN-BAPTISTE

Born 1728 in Paris, died there 1806. Worked in Paris. Was influenced by J.-B. Greuze. Painted portraits and genre scenes.

CHERON, ELISABETH SOPHIE

Born 1648 in Paris, died there 1711. Pupil of her father, A. Che-ron. Worked in Paris. From 1672 member of the Academy. Painted portraits and pictures on religious subjects. Worked as a miniaturist and engraver. Author of the Livre de prlnclpes a dessiner, published in Paris in 1706. 29

CORNEILLE DE LYON

Born between 1500 and 1510 in The Hague, died around 1575 in Lyons. In the early 1530s worked in Lyons. From 1564, Peintre du Rol. Painted portraits, was a master of the miniature portrait.

COROT, JEAN-BAPTISTE CAMILLE

Born 1796 in Paris, died there 1875. Painter and draughtsman. Pupil of E. Michallon and V. Bertin, the classicizing landscape painters. Worked in Paris and in Italy (1825—28, 1834 and 1843). Traveled widely in France, visited Switzerland, Holland and London. From 1827 exhibited at the Salon. Painted landscapes, portraits and one-figure compositions. 109—113

CORTES, EDOUARD LEON

Born at Lagny. Dates of birth and death unknown. Painted scenes of Paris life, landscapes and views of Brittany. Exhibited at different salons, including the Salon des Independants.

COTTET, CHARLES

Born 1863 in Le Puy, died 1925 in Paris. Studied under A. F. Roll at the Academie Julian. Worked in Brittany and from 1884 to 1888 in Holland. Visited Algiers in 1892 and Egypt in 1896. Painted mostly landscapes and scenes from the life of Breton fishermen. 143

COURBET, GUSTAVE

Born 1819 at Ornans (Doubs), died 1877 at La Tour-de-Peilz, Switzerland. In 1840 settled in Paris. Made copies of old Spanish, Dutch and Flemish masters in The Louvre. Worked in Paris, at Ornans, in the south of France and in Normandy. From 1844 exhibited regularly at the Salon. In 1855 had a one-man exhibition and wrote for it a catalogue in which he expressed his views on realism in painting. Worked and exhibited in Germany (1853, 1858, 1869 and 1872) and in Belgium (1861). Active supporter of the Paris Commune. After its defeat went into exile to Switzerland (1873), where he died. Painted scenes from everyday life, portraits, landscapes and still lifes. 131—133

COURTOIS, JACQUES (called LE BOURGUIGNON)

Born 1621 in Saint-Hippolyte (Doubs), died 1676 in Rome. Painted battle scenes and religious compositions.

COUTURE, THOMAS

Born 1815 at Senlis (Oise), died 1879 at Villiers-Ie-Bel (Val-d'Oise). Pupil of Gros, later of Delaroche. From 1840 exhibited at the Salon. Master of historical compositions (Romans of the Decadence, 1847, in The Louvre). Painted genre scenes and portraits. Also worked as a mural painter (frescoes in the Saint-Eustache Cathedral in Paris). 139

COUTURIER, LEON PHILIBERT

Born 1823 in Chalon-sur-Saone, died 1901 in Saint-Quentin. Studied under C. Couturier and F. E. Picot. Worked in Paris and Saint-Quentin. Painted landscapes, animals and still lifes.

COYPEL, CHARLES ANTOINE

Born 1661 in Paris, died there 1722. Pupil of his father, N. Coy-pel. From 1680 Court Painter to the Duke of Orleans. Elected to the Academy in 1681; was a professor at the Academy from 1692 and its director from 1714. Painted religious and historical compositions, as well as portraits. Did decorative work and produced cartoons for the Gobelin factory.

COYPEL, NOEL

Born 1628 in Paris, died there 1707. Pupil of N. Quillerier. Worked in Paris. Member of the Academy from 1663. From 1672 director of the Academie de France in Rome, director of the Academy in Paris from 1695 to 1699. Painted pictures on biblical and mythological themes. Carried out several decorative projects in Versailles, the Tuileries, the Palais Royal and others.

CROSS, HENRI EDMOND

Born 1856 at Douai, died 1910 at Saint-CIair (Var). Trained first at the Academy in Lille; later, from 1876, under F. Bon-vin in Paris. From 1881 exhibited at the Salon. Worked in Paris, Provence and Italy (1904—8). Was influenced by Seurat, Signac and Denis. Tended towards Neo-Impressionism. Painted almost exclusively landscapes. 207

DAEL, JEAN FRANQOIS VAN

Born 1764 in Antwerp, died 1840 in Paris. Studied at the Antwerp Academy. From 1766 worked in Paris. Did decorative work in the castles of Bellevue, Chantilly and Saint-Cloud. Painted flowers and fruits.

DAGNAN-BOUVERET, PASCAL ADOLPHE JEAN

Born 1852 in Paris, died 1929 at Quincey (Haute-Saone). Pupil of Gerome. Author of genre pictures (mainly from the life of Breton fishermen) and portraits. 136

DAUBIGNY, CHARLES FRANCOIS

Born 1817 in Paris, died there 1878. Painter, lithographer, engraver and book illustrator. Pupil of his father, E. F. Dau-bigny, and of P. Delaroche. Subsequently was influenced by the Barbizon School. Worked mostly near Paris. From 1838 exhibited at the Salon. In 1835 went to Italy; visited England (1866—67), Spain (1868), and Holland (1869). Painted landscapes. 725—128

DAVID, JACQUES LOUIS

Born 1748 in Paris, died 1825 in Brussels. Studied at the Academy under J. Vien. Worked in Paris, Rome (1775—80 and 1784—85) and Brussels (1816—25). From 1783 member of the Academy. An active participant in the French Revolution. In the years of the Consulate and of the Empire was Court Painter to Napoleon. From 1816, after the Bourbons returned to power, lived in exile in Belgium. Historical painter and portraitist. 81, 82

DEBUCOURT, PHILIBERT LOUIS

Born 1755 in Paris, died there 1832. Painter, draughtsman and engraver. Pupil of J. Vien. Worked in Paris, exhibited at the Salons of 1783, 1785 and 1814. From 1785 concentrated on drawing with colored aquatint which he brought to perfection. After 1800 gave up engraving original works and turned to etchings of fashion pictures and of caricatures drawn by Carle Vernet. 72

DECAMPS, ALEXANDRE GABRIEL

Born 1803 in Paris, died 1860 at Fontainebleau. Painter, lithographer and engraver. Worked in Paris. In 1827 began to exhibit at the Salon. In the same year undertook a trip to Asia Minor and Constantinople, which played an important role in his artistic development. Painted historical and genre pictures, pre-eminently on Oriental themes, as well as hunting scenes and landscapes. 101, 102

DEDREUX, ALFRED »

Born 1810 in Paris, died there 1860. Pupil of L. Cogniet. Exhibited at the Salon from 1831 and at the Royal Academy in London in 1850—51. Painted genre scenes and animals.

DE GALLARD, MICHEL

Born 1921 in Villefranche-de-1'Allier. Studied medicine; later turned to art. Paints views of Paris suburbs and the countryside.

DEGAS, EDGAR

Born 1834 in Paris, died there 1917. A pupil of Louis Lamothe. Spent several years in Italy; in 1857 returned to Paris and there began to work as a painter. At the outset of his artistic career painted portraits, but from the 1870s on turned for his subjects to ballet dancers, horse races and cafe-concerts. After 1890, at the end of his life, worked in pastel and began to sculpt. 169—172

DELACROIX, EUGENE

Born 1798 at Charenton-le-Pont (Saint-Maurice), died 1863 in Paris. Painter and lithographer. Pupil of P. N. Guerin. Worked in Paris. In 1825 visited England, in 1832 North Africa and Spain. From 1822 to 1859 exhibited at the Salon. From 1857 member of the French Institute. Worked in all genres of painting. His principal decorations are murals of the Paris Town Hall, the ceilings of the Salle d'Apollon in The Louvre and in the Luxembourg Palace, as well as works in the Libraries of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. 99

DELAROCHE, PAUL (HIPPOLYTE)

Born 1797 in Paris, died there 1856. Pupil of L. Watelet and A. J. Gros. Worked in Paris and Nice. From 1819 exhibited at the Salon. In 1834—35 and 1843 lived in Italy. From 1832 member of the French Institute. Portraitist and costume-history painter. 107, 108

DE MACHY, PIERRE ANTOINE

Born 1723 in Paris, died there 1807. Studied under J. Servan-doni. Was influenced by H. Robert. Worked in Paris. From 1753 member of the Academy, from 1786 Professor of Perspective. Painted almost exclusively architectural views. 73

DE MARNE, JEAN-LOUIS

Born 1752 at Brussels, died 1829 in Paris. From 1765 lived in Paris. Studied under G. Briard. Was influenced by Dujar-din and Berchem, Dutch animal painters. Painted landscapes, animals and scenes of rural life. 89

DENIS, MAURICE

Born 1870 at Granville (Manche), died 1943 at Saint-Germain-en-Laye. From 1888 was trained at the Academie Julian under J. Lefebvre and later at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. In 1897—98 worked in Florence; in 1898—1904 in Rome. From 1890 took part in exhibitions. Elaborated "Nabi" theories. Painted pictures on religious and mythological subjects. Produced a large number of mural decorations and lithographs. A prolific writer on art. Experimented with carpet designs, painted cartoons for stained-glass and mosaic panels, and ornamented ceramics. 219, 220

DERAIN, ANDRE

Born 1880 at Chatou, died 1954 at Garches. Studied at the Academie Carriere; in 1901—2 worked with Vlaminck at Chatou (the so-called Chatou School) and in 1905 with Matisse at Collioure. Exhibited at the Salon des Independents and at the Salon d'Automne, together with the Fauves whose views he shared at that time (1905—6). From 1907 to 1914 was attracted by Cubism. Was influenced by French Gothic art. Painted landscapes, portraits, still lifes and figure compositions. Designed stage sets, illustrated numerous books, worked as ceramist and sculptor. 269—274

D'ESPAGNAT, GEORGES

Born 1870 at Melun, died 1950 in Paris. Trained at the Ecole des Arts Decoratifs and the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. From 1892 took part in exhibitions. Visited Spain, Portugal, Morocco, England, Holland and Germany. Was influenced by the Neo-Impressionists and Bonnard. Painted pictures and murals. 206

DESPORTES, FRANQOIS

Born 1661 at Champigneulles, died 1743 in Paris. Studied in Paris under the Flemish animal painter Nicassius. Worked in Paris. Visited Poland (1695—96) and London (1712). Painted hunting scenes, still lifes and portraits. Made cartoons for the Gobelin factory. 40

DETHOMAS, MAXIME

Born 1869 in Garges-les-Gonesse, died 1929 in Paris. Studied at the Ecole des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, then under E. Carriere. Painted scenes from everyday life and worked in the fields of monumental and decorative painting. Also known for his drawings. Was influenced by Toulouse-Lautrec.

DIAZ DE LA PENA, NARCISSE VIRGILE

Born 1807 at Bordeaux, died 1876 at Menton. Painter and lithographer. Pupil of F. Souchon and X. Sigalon. Was strongly influenced by Correggio, Prud'hon and Delacroix. Worked in Paris and in its suburbs. From 1831 to 1859 exhibited at the Salon. One of the leading figures of the Barbizon School. At the outset of his career painted scenes with mythological or Oriental characters on a landscape background. 118—727

DROLLING, MARTIN

Born 1752 in Oberbergheim near Kolmar, died 1817 in Paris. Worked in Paris from the 1770s. Exhibited at the Salon from 1793. Painted genre scenes and portraits.

DROUAIS THE ELDER, HUBERT

Born 1699 in La Roeque (Normandy), died 1767 in Paris. Moved to Paris around 1717 where he studied under F. de Troy. Worked in Paris. Member of the Academy from 1730. Exhibited at the Salon from 1737. Painted portraits and miniatures.

DROUAIS THE YOUNGER, FRANCOIS HUBERT

Born 1727 in Paris, died there 1775. Studied under his father Hubert Drouais, attended the studios of Carle Vanloo, Natoire and Boucher. In 1755 first exhibited at the Salon. From 1758 member of the Academy. Portrait painter. 64

DUFRENOY, GEORGES

Born 1870 at Thiais, died 1944 in Paris. Received his artistic training at the Academie Julian and in the studio of decorative painting of D. Laugee. From 1904 exhibited at the Salon des Independents and the Salon d'Automne. Painted views of Paris, Venice and Brussels in an Impressionistic vein. In 1912 executed murals in the chapel of St Pancras and in the Chateau des Pradines. Illustrated Flaubert. 208

DUFY, RAOUL

Born 1877 at Le Havre, died 1953 at Forcalquier. From 1892 attended Lhuillier's drawing classes at the Ecole Municipale des Beaux-Arts at Le Havre. In 1900 moved to Paris and there enrolled in Bonnat's class at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Visited Spain, Morocco, the USA, England and Germany. Executed landscapes, genre scenes and portraits. Painted interiors and produced stage decors. Illustrated books and created designs for textiles and ceramics. 280

DUGHET, GASPARD (called GASPARD POUSSIN)

Born 1615 in Rome, died there 1675. Pupil of Poussin. Worked mostly in Rome, and also at Perugia, Florence and Naples. Landscape painter. 10

DUMONT, JACQUES

(called DUMONT THE ROMAN)

Born 1701 in Paris, died there 1781. Studied under the landscape painter L. Lebel. Worked in Paris and in Italy. From 1728 member of the Academy, from 1763 its director. Exhibited at the Salon from 1737 to 1761. Painted religious, historical and allegorical pictures and genre scenes. 62

DUPLESSIS, JOSEPH SIFFRED

Born 1725 at Carpentras, died 1802 at Versailles. From 1745 to 1749 studied under P. Subleyras in Rome. Worked in Paris and at Versailles. Painted portraits. 70

DUPLESSIS, MICHEL

Born in Versailles. Dates of birth and death unknown. Pupil of a Rouen painter, J.-B. Descamps. Exhibited at the Salon between 1791 and 1799. Painted landscapes.

DUPRE, JULES

Born 1811 at Nantes, died 1889 at Isle-Adam (Val-d'Oise). Painter and lithographer. Came to Paris in the late 1820s. Copied landscapes by the Old Masters in The Louvre. In the early 1830s visited England where he was influenced by Con-

stable. In 1831 began to exhibit at the Salon. Worked in various provinces of France. Like Th. Rousseau, was one of the main figures of the Barbizon School. 116, 117

DUPRESSOIR. FRANCOIS JOSEPH

Born 1800 in Paris, died there 1859. Did decorative painting on porcelain. In the 1830s turned to watercolor and oil painting. Landscape painter, also known as a lithographer.

FALCONET, PIERRE-ETIENNE

Born 1741 in Paris, died there 1791. Son of the sculptor E. M. Falconet. From 1773 lived in England where he studied under J. Reynolds. In 1773—77 was in St Petersburg with his father. Painted mostly portraits.

FANTIN-LATOUR, HENRI

Born 1836 in Grenoble, died 1904 in Bure. Studied under his father, T. Fantin-Latour, then under Lecoq de Boisbaudran and G. Courbet. Worked in Paris, visited England several times. Painted pictures on allegorical and fantastic themes, as well as still lifes and portraits.

FAVANNE, HENRI ANTOINE

Born 1668 in London, died 1752 in Paris. Moved to Paris in 1687. Studied under R. Houasse. From 1693 to 1700 worked in Italy, from 1704 to 1714 in Spain. In 1717 did the decorative painting of St Paul's Cathedral in London. Subsequently worked in Paris and Versailles. From 1748 rector of the Academy. Painted pictures on biblical and mythological subjects.

FORAIN, JEAN-LOUIS

Born 1852 at Rheims, died 1931 in Paris. A pupil of Gerome at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Was influenced by Manet and Degas. Took part in several Impressionist exhibitions. Painted scenes of contemporary daily life. Worked as a draughtsman and lithographer. 773

FOUGERON, ANDRE

Born 1913 in Paris. A metal-worker by profession, he studied painting on his own. In 1938 executed the fresco Circus for the students' sanatorium at Saint-Hilaire-du-Touvet. In 1939 joined the French Communist Party. In 1940, after escaping from the prisoners' camp, took an active part in the French Resistance movement. In 1942 was elected Secretary-General of the National Front of the Arts. In 1944 contributed to the publication an album of lithographs, To Win, and was a co-founder of the Salon de la Liberation. From 1946 to 1950 was Secretary-General of the Union of Plastic Arts. Traveled widely and had exhibitions in European countries. 281

FRAGONARD, JEAN HONORE

Born 1732 at Grasse, died 1806 in Paris. Pupil of Chardin, Boucher and C. Vanloo. During 1756—61 worked at the French Academy in Rome. In 1765 first exhibited at the Salon. In 1773—74 visited Italy for the second time. From 1793 was Keeper of the Museum of Arts (The Louvre). Painted genre scenes, fetes ga-lantes, pictures on mythological subjects, landscapes and portraits. 65, 66

FRANQUE, JOSEPH

Born 1774 in Buis-les-Baronnies (Drome), died 1833 in Paris. Pupil of L. David. Worked in Paris. Painted altarpieces, battle and historical scenes, as well as portraits. Also known as a lithographer.

FRIESZ, EMILE OTHON

Born 1879 at Le Havre, died 1949 in Paris. Trained under Ch. Lhuillier at Le Havre, then under L. Bonnat at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. In 1904, stimulated by the work of Matisse, joined up with the Fauves. Was influenced by the Impressionists and Cezanne. In 1908 visited Antwerp with Braque; in 1909 Munich with Dufy. Made trips to Italy and Portugal. Exhibited at the Salon des Independants (1903)

and the Salon d'Automne (from 1904). One of the founders of the Salon des Tuileries. Easel and mural painter, illustrator and ceramist. 246

FROMENTIN, EUGENE

Born 1820 at La Rochelle, died 1876 at Saint-Maurice. Trained under Remond and L. Cabat. Worked in Paris and Algeria (which he visited more than once after 1846). From 1847 exhibited at the Salon. A friend of G. Moreau and George Sand. After a trip to Holland and Belgium in 1875 wrote Les Mai-tres d'autrefois. Painter, art critic and writer. 134

GAUGUIN, PAUL

Born 1848 in Paris, died 1903 on the island of Dominique in the Marquesas Archipelago. From 1865 to 1871 served in the merchant marine, then was a clerk to a stockbroker. Began to paint and bought pictures by the Impressionists, whom he knew through Pissarro. Exhibited at the Salon in 1876. In January 1883 decided to paint "every day" and abandoned his post and family life. In 1886 was in Brittany, at Pont-Aven, where he formulated his Pont-Aven program. In 1887 spent some time in Martinique; on his return to Paris in 1888 met Van Gogh with whom he worked for a while at Aries. In 1891, charged with a mission, left for Tahiti. Returning to Paris in 1893, exhibited his Tahitian pictures without success and went back to Tahiti, where he produced the major part of his works, then to the island of Dominique (Iva-Hoa). In 1897 illustrated with his woodcuts his diary Noa Noa, and later his Cahier pour Aline and Avant et apres. Contributed articles to Les Guepes and Le Sourire, and published the latter periodical on the island of Dominique. Painted landscapes, still lifes, portraits and scenes of Tahitian life. Was also active as a sculptor, draughtsman and ceramist. 192—202

GERARD, FRANCOIS

Born 1770 in Rome, died 1837 in Paris. Painter and draughtsman. Pupil of David. From 1795 exhibited at the Salon. Worked in Paris. Painted pictures on historical subjects and portraits, illustrated books. 93

GERARD, MARGUERITE

Born 1761 at Grasse, died 1837 in Paris.